Can Art Still Play A Subversive Role In Society Essay Example For Students

Would art be able to Still Play A Subversive Role In Society Essay At the point when the legend of V for Vendetta explodes a London milestone the Old Bailey toward the start of the film and the Houses of Parliament toward the end Tchaikovskys 1812 Overture floods from the speakers. Back home in his underground hideaway, this reluctantly refined progressive savors the experience of valuable antiques that the administration in this techno-fundamentalist not so distant future has banned. Versus verboten reserve incorporates compositions and sculptures, a working jukebox and a duplicate of the 1934 film The Count of Monte Cristo. Indeed, even watchers put off by the motion pictures Orwellian pointless excess and blood-erupting anarchy may discover something horrendously tempting about the person of good taste justice fighter himself (a covered Hugo Weaving as V). At the core of this goony, beautiful dream dependent on a 1980s realistic novel is a relentless, appealing thought regarding the power and viability of craftsmanship to be specific, that it can change the world in meaningful, material ways. Specialists use misleads come clean, V tells his hostage and possible attendant Evey (Natalie Portman). Attracted by his melodic tastes and his pizazz for citing Shakespeare as much as by his oppositional legislative issues, Evey joins the reason and assists V with cutting down the oppressive system in a free for all of explosives and a convulsive Tchaikovsky repeat. Music, writing and visual craftsmanship arent only a discharge for Vs deeds, theyre instrumental to what he accepts and why he acts. Each age, each craftsman, each eyewitness figures out the topic of expressions genuine impacts. Daumier, Zola and Dickens accepted ardently in the intensity of their work to ambush bad form and accelerate social change. Oscar Wilde accepted (or professed to) the inverse: All workmanship is very pointless, he composed. The craftsman as connected progressive or potentially social reformer is an entrenched figure of speech in Western culture. So is the idea of an unadulterated, objective plan free craftsmanship. Today, in a radiating power new century spinning with change, the issue has a new desperation. Where does individual aesthetic articulation fit in a picture packed advanced age? Is structure changing creativity conceivable in a culture of tenacious self-reference, replication and commodification? Has craftsmanship surrendered its incannot tory capacity to science, with its guarantee of unspooling the hereditary puzzles of life and estimating the far off compasses of room? Missing the Tchaikovksy-energized hero forces of V, does the craftsman even register on a world stage loaded up with the obvious deeds of fear based oppressors and the mounting indiscretion of Bush organization geopolitics? A portion of the reactions to those inquiries are based on commendable, if humble, claims. Possibly its no fortuitous event that the standard acknowledgment of Brokeback Mountain matches an obvious developing acknowledgment of gay marriage and common associations and selection by gay guardians. What's more, who knows, Crash may well have merited its Oscar prevail upon Brokeback by adding to a comparative awareness move on bigotry. Locally, in the proceeding with banter about expressions subsidizing in San Francisco, the call for dedicating more dollars to neighborhood-based projects conveys the conviction that human expressions do improve social ills and awkward nature. Wrongdoing, tranquilize misuse, school truancy advocates come outfitted with examines indicating expressions of the human experience can address them all and change practices. Different contentions for expressions of the human experience as a power for change have a review thrown. In another book of papers on The Poem That Changed America: Howl Fifty Years Later, proofreader Jason Shinder sees the engraving of Allen Ginsbergs furious, wild, euphoric song of devotion in homosexuality, legislative issues, drugs, oppression, forlornness, music, franticness, and passing. Watching the end credits for the grandly tragic South African film Tsotsi a day or two ago, and at exactly that point understanding that the content depends on a novel by Athol Fugard, I started pondering the association between that extraordinary journalists plays ( Master Harold nd the Boys, The Island, Sizwe Bansi Is Dead) and the finish of politically-sanctioned racial segregation. Occupation Satisfaction EssayAnd then I contemplated Solzhenitsyn and the fall of the Soviet Union. And afterward about the scholars and writers and painters we still havent got notification from China or the Middle East or Africa, and how history may be bowing right now under the power of their work. A year ago, the online diary Adbusters led an overview on the inquiry, Does craftsmanship have the capacity to significannot ly change the world? Indeed: 86 percent. No: 14 percent. Specialists and craftsmanship world individuals love to express yes to this inquiry. It appears to be approving, particularly at a time where main concern, provable outcomes appear to mean to such an extent. Be that as it may, in a subsequent conversation on the blog Eyeteeth: A diary of Incisive Ideas, Adbusters manager Paul Schmelzer cited some more nuanced and uncovering reactions. Taking note of an always foggy line among workmanship and business, Artforum editorial manager Tim Griffin asked how the craftsman could be an enemy in the event that the person is not, at this point an authentic untouchable. Craftsman Thomas Hirshhorn stirred himself up as a warrior! I lack the capacity to deal with questions, I would prefer not to act naturally basic, I do realize I will be harmed, I will be executed yet I need to give! Robert Storr, a New York pundit, custodian and craftsman, thought about whether some of the time individuals who should be socially dynamic take shelter in workmanship and make craftsmanship as an option in contrast to being associated with such a nuts-and-smudges and regularly exhausting business of sorting out and casting a ballot and illustrating. The psyche starts to swoon and reel. A little air pocket of sadness ascends in the pit of the stomach. These are unimaginable, roundabout, unsolvable inquiries, larded with misconception, self-avocation and equitable allegations. Furthermore, that is even more motivation to ask them and ask once more. At the present time, with expressions of the human experience completely missing from the national discussion and expressions training pressed to the disappearing point by the false objectives of deserting no kid, theres a solid compulsion to protect workmanship as a power for social great. Put forth the defense, expressions advocates state. Simply put forth the defense for whatever help or financing there is. Lets simply trust we dont wind up surrendering the store to those outcomes driven civil servants or to this present reality Vs with their plans to oppress workmanship to a reason. Craftsmanships its most profound changes not by deciding to do as such, however by being as consistent with itself as it can. That in itself is a demonstration of resistance to the critical can't and business garbage that overwhelms the way of life. Craftsmanship removes us from the air pockets of estrangement that frothing flood tide makes. It gets into our eyes, stirs us to the afflictions of language rather than its misleadings; the beguiling complexities of a melodic thought; the careless, ungovernable excellence of the world that makes us love and prize and safeguard it all the more furiously. On the off chance that workmanship can't change the world, the scholar Herbert Marcuse composed, it can help change the cognizance and drives of the ladies and men who might change the world. Nobody can say where, when or how that may occur. In any case, it possibly will occur in the event that we encourage craftsmanship that is unchained by targets. The pundit Arnold Weinstein puts it along these lines, in A Scream Goes Through the House: The experience of craftsmanship yields a perspective on human reality as something arranged, bungled with ties and securities, comfortable with the individuated world we take to be genuine. Workmanship, as he says, reestablishes us to full flow. Presently lets wrench up the Tchaikovsky or the Torme or Tupac for that.

Term Paper Writing Services - How to Choose the Right Company

Term Paper Writing Services - How to Choose the Right CompanyWhen you need some term paper writing services, it is very important that you choose the right one. As with any other service, your chosen company will have their strengths and weaknesses. If you want to be sure that you are getting value for your money, here are a few tips that will help you choose the best possible term paper writing services.Just as there are many different kinds of writing services, there are also many different companies that provide these services. To help you out in this endeavor, here are a few things that you can use to narrow down your choices. By looking at these factors, you will be able to choose the company that is right for you.The first factor that you should take into consideration is the kind of services that they offer. Make sure that the company has the expertise you need to write the term paper that you need. After all, if they don't have the experience or knowledge, they will not be ab le to give you quality work.Another thing that you can use to help you decide the company is their specific skills. You will want to look for companies that have years of experience in writing the paper. Not only will this help you get the work done, but it will also make it easier for you to understand the assignment and why you need to get it done the way you do.Also, you will want to find a company that can meet your deadlines for the paper. As you probably know, students are busy people, and they may sometimes forget deadlines that have been set by their school. If you are able to find a company that can meet your deadlines, then you can be sure that you will be able to make it through the term paper without having any problems.One last thing to consider is the reputation of the company. You want to make sure that the company you choose can give you what you need to complete the term paper on time. Make sure that you ask for samples of the work that they have already completed, and make sure that you are happy with the price that they charge.Term paper writing services can be very costly, so you want to make sure that you are getting the best price possible. This means that you will want to talk to someone in the company who can give you some recommendations. If you can't find anyone, try asking other students who are in the same situation.The bottom line is that if you want to get term paper writing services that you can count on, you will want to find a company that is easy to work with. By taking these things into consideration, you will be able to find the right company for you. Take a little time to look around and find the best company to get the work done.

A Book Review of All Quiet on the Western Front

While All Quiet on the Western Front may assist us with understanding the impacts of the Great War on Germany, it is as a record of channel fighting and a straightforward story of human continuance. It is justifiably one of the most well known of war novel.â€Å"All calm on the western front†Ã¢ â discusses the intensity of war, kinship, bewilderment and setback. It gives a portrayal of German soldiers’ encounters. It is a reasonable, basic portrayal. Very horrible are those illusory pictures in its ditches.The same for the extreme sentiment of being distant from everyone else for the companion on leave just to come back to the bleeding edge .Remarque is the seriously fascinating story of war understanding of Paul Baumer who is an individual from German armed force in world war one.He is situated on the western front having a job of battling against the French and English warriors. He anyway detested the war accepting that it was unnecessary and that the war has devast ated the age he has a place .This battle of the juvenile Germans was seen by Paul as futile which they have been compelled to do.This was a period that Germany was attempting to pick up impact on the planet .Paul and 7 others in the end bite the dust  in the book as delineated in the last section. Paul gives an image of biting the dust men around him in a significant number of the fights. The example of Remarque’s introduction in the book is wonderful. All pages except for the short section in the last part are depicted in first person.The depiction of the characters makes the peruser feels as though at the area of the fight. Two entries I truly discovered intriguing in the book the first beingâ where Paul communicates his aching to endure: â€Å"I think nothing else of the dead manâ : â€Å"I think nothing else of the dead man. He is of no outcome to me now. With one bound the desire to live erupts again and everything that has filled my musings goes down before itâ €  (138-139).Here  the goals of the considerable number of armed forces isâ showed and it is that they all need to live and show up home securely and they are edgy to accomplish this by all methods whether fortunate or unfortunate. The book likewise instructs that to get away from the dread of war the best thing is to confront it. In another section, Paul discusses how his instructor recently exhorted about the fight to the German youths:â â€Å"Kantorek would state that we remained on the limit of life. Thus no doubt. We had so far taken no root.The war cleared us away† (16).In this spot, the book portrays how youngsters, caught off guard for war however getting ready for their future are compelled to give their fantasies and yearnings in other to confront a horrifying and lethal fight. What a develop resilient men may not endure is being looked by this youngsters for example starvation, neediness, thirst, fear and end of companions or even they themselves. Will they survive?Even after the war, on the off chance that they endure they are old and what would they be able to do with their lives once more? No employments, no families, and no homes once more. Shockingly different life occasions seem purposeless in the wake of battling in the trenches.â€Å"All calm on the western front† relates the occasions of small time who out of nowhere wound up in the war he knew pretty much nothing or nothing about. Paul Braumer was working in channels while with the end goal of the inspiring of the Germany he chipped in himself for war having been convinced by his teacher.He and his companions filled in as individuals from the infantry. Paul pondered not just the chance of getting away without himself being killedâ â as he watched his companions biting the dust in a steady progression yet additionally the probability of enduring a world without war. He watched the channels of western government were absorbed human blood from the demise and slaug hter of the people.Remarque in his book takes into consideration a time of help in the midst of hellfire of fight. His methodology is oversimplified, clear and direct without losing the basic reason and worth. There are likewise times of verses and keen ruminations. Nationalism and compatriot soul are faced by element of the vainglorious schoolmaster who convinced the essayist and his colleagues to join together.Disconnection from the non military personnel lifestyle is seen following the narrator’s leave having recently left the school for channels with no confirmation of setting up ties. It takes into consideration a meditative idea on the summed up impacts of war generally set apart by knowing the past. Revulsions are slimly portrayed. With movement of the novel as far as its character change, character fortification, the breaking and contorting in the fight front, we are as a rule steadily tested by the Aristocrats and the sad class of the book.The Genre of the book is ca tastrophe. In one scene of the book, Paul and his companions were as one in the open space over the crates being utilized as restrooms: â€Å"And it will be 2 hours before we get up again† (page 7). Paul rails: â€Å"There he lies now however why? The whole world ought to have passed.† The book delineates the mix of bliss, joy distress and the flare-up of violence.All calm on the western front is praiseworthy as it will contend to develop as truly outstanding if not ever best book composed on war. I appreciate perusing the book and the exercise I learn is that war can be horrible. I give the book qualification and I can suggest it whenever, anyday. Â

Sample Essay about Me

Sample Essay about Me It’s My Life My name is Ann Smith. I am a senior in high school. Everyone can agree that I am a good student and that I like to study. My favorite subjects are chemistry and biology. I am going to enter the university because my goal is to study these subjects in future and to become a respected professional in one of the fields. I can say that I am a responsible and a hard-working student. Moreover, being a sociable person, I have many friends since I like to communicate with people and get to know new interesting individuals. I enjoy my time at school: it is really nice to study,  the students are very friendly and ready to help. The atmosphere cannot but make me want to go there every time. I like to receive and deal with challenging tasks. I am a very enthusiastic student and I think this is a strong point of mine. My friends say that I am a very funny and an interesting girl with a good sense of humor. As soon as I meet new people who are happy to meet me, I feel extremely comfortable with them. I believe that friendship is one of the most important values in human life. We exchange new ideas, find many interesting things about each other and experience new things. I appreciate friendship and people who surround me. Meeting new people who support all my efforts to grow and develop my skills not only in the subjects but also in my hobbies gives me a lot of energy. Many of those friends who surround me now I met on the street while doing my hobby. I’m in love with photography, so the thing I love doing so much became even more enjoyable. I decided to take beautiful pictures of accidental people and share these photos with them by emails or in social media. I feel happiness inside seeing how happy they are looking at the pictures where they are walking or sitting somewhere in the park. In this way, Liza became my best friend and we both believe that we meant to meet because she studies the same classes and we have similar life goals.   The goal I’m currently striving for is to make this world a better place to live in by starting the changes with myself. Sure, I’ve had bad experiences in my life too, but this is exactly what made me the way I am now: grateful, full of love, with a desire to study well because it will help me become a successful person in future and have a high quality of life. I believe that it is manifesting day by day and I feel even more responsibility for what I do and where I go. With all I already have, I know that I’m on the right path and I will do my best to inspire others to live the way they feel like living as well.   Some Essential Tips On How To Write An Essay About Yourself No matter what’s the purpose of your essay, there is a preset number of points that you will be expected to address. The main line should be that you are not a robot, and that it is your feelings and emotions that define you as a personality. Do not get stuck with material possessions and what you have achieved in life. That has to do only with a small portion of who you are. Avoid overly simplified ideas. You are a human being after all, and your life is not as simple as it may seem after years of school. You wouldn’t want to seem or sound too simple. The more substance you create out of your daily activities, the better. Longer sentences will be good. Include a few dream-like paragraphs to stress the point that you are not a robot. Sometimes it can get hard explaining your feelings and emotions, you may say. The best way to get to know people is to see how they react to stimuli. Use your essay to pick a few incidents or just more or less regular events to attempt and define what your character is at its core. Find amusing in ordinary and showcase that. Your job is to present the ordinary stuff that happens to you in a way that will make the reader want to know you better. It’s all a matter of the right perspective. You have to take multiple stands on what you are as a person, and include that all in an ordered form. How do you fit with your friends, family and just immediate surrounding? Where is your place in the world? What is the purpose of your life? If a question like that is too global for your work, you can just include the things that you enjoy. Don’t forget to say why or explain any symbolism connected with the things you love. Avoid Unclear Definitions It is really easy to get lost when you are writing something as vague and as perspective-oriented as an essay about yourself. People tend to choose a number of themes of who they are and try to describe them all. That would be very confusing for the reader. Not to mention that it would be hard to write and navigate in between those themes. After all, very few people know you well enough, and it is almost certain that your essay is going to be read mostly by strangers or just people who know you marginally. What you do instead is pick one theme: which light do you want to be seen in? Once you have answered that question, you are ready to go. Stay true to the theme, and you will get a coherent piece that will get you a good grade. If you are going to write your own essay from scratch, our manual on  «How to write an essay » will be useful for you.

How Media Has Shaped The Ages Through Music - 1273 Words

How Media Has Shaped the Ages through Music: Music is a medium that has shaped the ages in relation to its significant role in social movements. Actually, music has acted as one of the various methods and vehicles through which social movements have existed and developed. The role and significance of music in shaping the ages is primarily attributed to the fact that it represents more than entertainment as it has spoken for generations and exemplified belief systems. Generally, music has had a tremendous relationship to and impact on social movements in every decade from the 1960s through 2000-2010. Music has been used as a means of exemplifying the mood of the decade in terms of high profile events or movements that took place in the respective decade. Music through the Decades: As previously mentioned, music has played a significant role through the ages by shaping social movements and exemplifying the mood of the decade. During the 1960s, there were winds of change that blew a considerable varying collection of musicians. These winds of change came after the post-War expansion, the assassination of an idealistic president, and America’s involvement in the Vietnam conflict. Bob Dylan’s seminal, â€Å"The Times They Are a-Changing† can be considered as a song that encapsulated the message and mood of the 1960s decade (Holz, 2010). The song reflected a musical genre that was influenced by issues like poverty, nuclear disarmament, war, racism, and environmentalism.Show MoreRelatedIdentity Analysis : Cultural Identity And Identity1423 Words   |  6 Pageswas scrolling through twitter and saw the quote on my timeline. I was motivated by this quote. I was afraid that what I was going to put on my collage would trigger judgement from other people, but this fear faded away once I read the quote. As you may have seen from my collage, I have incorporated just a few of the main objects and people that have shaped my identity. These things are family, culture, religion, social media, gender, and music. Each of these things has generally shaped who I am andRead MoreMedia s Perception Of Beauty For Women933 Words   |  4 Pagesreminded of the impact media has on the definition of beauty for women. The introduction of the video caught my attention and set the tone for the rest of the video. The introduction was versatile in its showcase of the medias impact on ones perspective. Jean Kilbourne is knowledgeable about the media’s perception of beautiful women, and how through history they have carried out that agenda. The main point of this video Slim Hopes is to educate viewers on the impact media has on the societal imageRead MoreThe Impact of Media on Teens844 Words   |  3 Pagesmedia ’s impact has a way of shaping the teenage mind in a ways that are very effective to their behavior. This behavior is not just seen with teens that live in harsh neighborhoods. These behaviors are seem in teens everywhere from every background and culture. Violence in today’s society is looked at as such a normal thing but it really has a huge effect on the violence that teenager encounter as well as a change in their cultural beliefs. Teen culture is changing in big ways as the media continuesRead MoreManifestation of Latin-American Gender Roles in American Media1220 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Manifestation of Latin Gender Roles in American Media Objective The objective of this study is to examine the manifestation of Latin gender roles in American Media. Towards this end, this study will examine the literature in this area of inquiry. Introduction Gender roles are reported to be generally defined as sex-based categories that specify appropriate rules of conduct for males and females in a particular culture or society. Although grounded in biological differences between males andRead MoreA Common Agreement Within The World That Deals With Men And Men1273 Words   |  6 Pagesthat men and women think differently as well and may have different reasons for their actions. Mary Harris is a researcher and the author of â€Å"Cholas, Mexican-American Girls, and Gangs†, within her research she has conducted various interviews with females in gangs. From her research she has came to the conclusion that for girls, â€Å"Gang member’s behavior is determined by social structures and group culture by defining the perspective and attitude of the girl gang† (Harris 301). In other words, HarrisRead MoreDigital Media, By Jonathan Ive1493 Words   |  6 PagesDigital Media, Period 5 Jonathan Ive Nathan Carney Research Paper Jonathan Ive is the Senior Vice President of Design within Apple Inc. His vision would change the face of graphic design by how we interface and interact with technology, forever. Jonathan along with his highly skilled team of manufacturers and engineers added features that other companies simply couldn’t match. The highly innovative and practical designs can be seen on such products such as: iMacs, iPods, iPhones, and iPads. The newRead MoreDefining Normative And Subjective Culture1743 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"a society s characteristic way of perceiving its social environment†. My personal culture is emphasized by five categories of subjective culture, including nationality, regional identity, education, social/economic class, and age. Growing up as an American has shaped the culture with which I identify. Nationality, according to The Law Dictionary, is â€Å"that quality or character which arises from the fact of a person’s belonging to a nation or state. Nationality determines the political status ofRead MoreMy Own Social Penetration Theory985 Words   |  4 PagesFor me personally, identity has always been an important aspect of my life. It is my own Social Penetration Theory in terms of the onion aspect of it – my identity has multiple layers through different stages of my life to date, it is continuously growing by the minute. There are multiple components that make up who I am, and by learning through experiences and this course I am able to get a stronger grip on not only identity as a whole, but also my own identity. The biggest component comes fromRead MoreSocialization As A Function Of Media1561 Words   |  7 Pagesof Media Mass media, significantly through mediums that project news and information, greatly affect what and how we learn about the world around us. In particular, television has become the outlet with the greatest socialization impact in its influence on young viewers. The distribution of information has become a part of the process by which people learn about societal values and behaviors and come to understand cultural expectations. Through entertainment and news programming, mass media suchRead MoreA Modern Day Band That Incorporated The Baroque Style Of Music945 Words   |  4 PagesBaroque music started around the 1600s and reflected the theatrical art and music which was popular at the time. During the Baroque era, music was shaped by the magnificent paintings, sculptures, and Catholic Church. Four hundred years later, music still shares some similarities like instrumentation, harmony, and dynamics, while being incorporated into modern day music. Deep Purple was a rock band formed i n 1968 who experimented with, and incorporated the Baroque style into their music. However,

The Warehouse Group And The Salvation Army And Waikato Tainui

The Warehouse Group does not do enough charity and community work compared to the Salvation Army and Waikato-Tainui. In 2013 The Warehouse Group only fund raised $3,035,265 for the local community. This number may look high but if we compare that with the net profit in 2013, which was $145,328,000. This means that they are only giving 2.09% of their profit back into the community. This simply is not enough and needs to increase. Objectives The External Reporting Board (XRB) define a not for profit entity to be reporting business which their main goal is to provide goods or services for the public benefit rather than an business that operates for profit (XRB, 2015). According to the XRB definition The Warehouse group is a for profit organization. Day-to-day business, they are trying to maximise profit. The slogan for The Warehouse is â€Å"where everyone gets a bargain†. The Warehouse group includes 4 different businesses. The Warehouse would be classed as a business that operates for profit (The Warehouse Group, 2013). The Salvation Army is an organization that operates not for profit. Their main objective is to give back to the community by supplying beds, holding life skill programs, having community meals and many more services to help the local community (The Salvation Army, 2013). The Salvation Army is trying to minimize poverty, suffering and depression and therefore would be classed as a public benefit entity. Waikato-Tainui tries to develop iwi products and help withShow MoreRelatedAn Organisation Organization Essay1806 Words   |  8 Pagesrequired to be completed annually. This report will analyse three contrasting types of entities, in addition to the differences in the annual reports produced. From a not-for profit charity, The Salvation Army, to a large New Zealand business, The Warehouse Group and a Maori land trust, Waikato-Tainui. Users of the information The objective of accounting reports are to provide external and internal users the information that enables them to make improved finanical decisions. Therefore the users

Bigfoot Essay Research Paper Bigfoot free essay sample

Bigfoot Essay, Research Paper Sasquatch Can you conceive of yourself walking through the forests and coming face to face with a seven or even an eleven-foot animate being? Well, this happens to many people in Canada and the United States. This animal is known as Bigfoot in the United States and in Canada, Sasquatch. Sasquatch is a native word, which means haired adult male. ( Cryptic Creatures 99-126 ) Scientists think Bigfoot is early adult male, that survived while the others evolved, or it may be a new species of it s ain. Scientists can t state which until they have difficult stone grounds. Bigfoot is reported as being seven to eleven pess in tallness. The mean sighting tallness is 6 pess. Bigfoot is estimated to be over five 100 lbs. Its footmark is found to be at least 17 inches. We know this from dramatis personaes of imprints in the land. From mensurating the deepness, they came about the appraisal of his weight. We will write a custom essay sample on Bigfoot Essay Research Paper Bigfoot or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Bigfoot has long weaponries, an ape-like face with a level olfactory organ and thick hairy pelt. His fur scopes in colour from the most widespread dark reddish-brown to brown, black, ruddy, grey and even white. Bigfoot is a nocturnal animate being, which means, it comes out at dark. ( Bigfoot ) Bigfoot was foremost seen ( by white work forces ) in 1811 and since so there has been 100s of studies on sightings and brushs from all over the United States and Canada. There are many pictures and images of Bigfoot, many of which have turned out to be counterfeits. Bigfoot lives in caves and concealed vales of Canada and North America. ( The Bigfoot Page ) Many people from all over the United States have reported seeing Bigfoot. Here are three studies on the sightings from, Florida, Pennsylvania, and California: In cardinal Florida in the summer of 1983, at 2am, a boy and his male parent where out reflecting cervid when they hit a brace of eyes that were seven to eight pess high and one pes apart. They hopped in there truck and started drawing off tungsten hen the animate being screamed. It was such a loud cry, that the male parent got so frightened and stalled the truck seeking to acquire out of at that place. In Pennsylvania, July 4, 1980 these three childs about nine to eleven old ages old were at a 4th of July party at a comparative s house deep in the wood. They went down to a brook, merely before dark, where they went out to every twelvemonth to play. When at the same minute, they all looked across the brook and saw a large hairy animate being standing taller than the pine tree that stood following to it. The three of them were so scared, they ran back to the comparative s house shouting their caputs off. They told their parents and other grownups, but no 1 believed them. In Hoopa, Indiana, parents wouldn t allow their childs outside certain times of the month because the large people were out. The childs and parents spoke approximately them as a folk or group that were chiefly nocturnal. Some grounds we have about Bigfoot is that people have found animate beings hanging from topographic points farther up than any mountain king of beastss or bears can make. Peoples have besides four-f oot trees that have been snapped in half like toothpicks and besides big up frozen trees. Expeditions that have set out to seek for Bigfoot have neer found it, nor is there scientific grounds for its being. ( The Bigfoot Page ) I learned a batch while making this study. I learned that Bigfoot has been around a really long clip. I learned that it is anyplace from seven to eleven pess tall and is a really strong animate being. I besides learned that Bigfoot is a nocturnal animate being, which means he comes out merely at dark, unless disturbed by worlds. The most astonishing thing that I learned that startled me the most is that Bigfoot is the North American version of the Abominable Snowman. I think I learned a batch about Bigfoot in this study. In my sentiment from making this study, I think that Bigfoot is the neatest and most absorbing animate being that of all time existed

Keiretsu and Chaebols free essay sample

Keiretsu and Chaebols Keiretsu a group of closely related Japanese companies, often with interlocking ownership. Traditionally, there have been both horizontal and vertical keiretsu. Horizontal keiretsu center on a main bank and their companies span various industries. Vertical keiretsu center on a major manufacturer, like Toyota, and include its various suppliers and wholesalers. The keiretsu encourage its members to award contracts to sister companies and cooperate with each other for the overall good of the keiretsu. The keiretsu dominated the Japanese economy in the last half of the twentieth century. More recently, however, the keiretsu have been losing their grip, and the long-term business relationships of the keiretsu are fraying. When written in Japanese, keiretsu comprises two characters, meaning system and row. Thus the term keiretsu is now used more generally to mean an alliance of companies and individuals that work together for mutual benefit Chaebols The chaebol are the large, conglomerate family-controlled firms of South Korea characterized by strong ties with government agencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Keiretsu and Chaebols or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The name, which means business association, is properly pronounced jay BOL but the spelling pronunciation chay bol is considered acceptable by Korean speakers. There were family-owned enterprises in Korea in the period before 1961 but the particular state-corporate alliance came into being with the regime of Park Chung Hee (1961-1979). The chaebol were prohibited from owning a bank. The Park regime nationalized the banks of South Korea and could channel scarce capital to industries and firms it saw as necessary for achieving national objectives. The government-favored chaebol had special privileges and grew large. This gave the impression of economic success for the chaebol that was not always valid. In some cases chaebol grew not because they were profitable but merely because they could borrow vast funds. When the international economy took a downturn these debt-ridden businesses were in trouble. In 1999 one quarter of the manufacturers in South Korea did not earn enough to meet the payments required for their debt. In recent years there has been the growth of mid-sized corporations which are outside of the chaebol arrangement. For example, Appeal Telecom was started by a former employee of Samsung, Lee Ga Hyoung. Appeal Telecom is manufacturing and marketing cell phones and has risen to the top in its field. In Germany the mid-sized corporation make a great contribution to the economy and there is no reason that such firms could not be an important element of the South Korean economy. How can Toyota regain its position in the hearts and minds of consumers after the massive car recalls beginning of this year? Toyota Turns To Twitter To Repair Its Image Toyota has been dealing with negative backlash from the massive safety recalls of its vehicles; and is even suffering in terms of sales. The Japanese auto giant has launched a branded channel on TweetMeme, in partnership with Federated Media, which aggregates and organize Twitter conversations regarding Toyota. Called Toyota Conversations, the site brings together the top stories being Tweeted about Toyota, from news articles to press releases. The site also shows visitors the most popular videos and images being shared about Toyota on Twitter. And the channel includes a Featured Tweets from Toyota’s Twitter account and press room as well as AdTweets, which are Tweetmeme’s retweetable ads for Toyota Negative news no more? As most of the top stories that are being aggregated on the site, that most of them is positive and thus doesn’t match that of the negative news that seemed to match the general tone of the media writing about Toyota, which has been quick to criticize the car company for its manufacturing mistakes. With Tweetfeel ( Twitter sentiment application), it seem that Toyota has chosen this as it can be step up to pick only certain news sources which may be positive to them. And by looking at how Twitter has influence things between numerous brands, Toyota has chose to follow suit and this allow Toyota not only to monitor and track what is begin said about Toyota but to influence and participate in the conversation. The main ideas behind Toyota utilizing Twitter are: 1) To help stem the tide of negativity and 2) To deal with the backlashes that have been heaped upon it during the car recalls period. Toyota’s twitter site does mainly revolves around assimilating the top stories being Tweeted about Toyota, such as news articles and press releases, while showing visitors the most popular videos and images being shared about Toyota on Twitter. Akios Plan Akio Toyoda is the president and CEO of Toyota Motor Corporation Lately, Toyota has not lived up to the high standards we set for ourselves. I am deeply disappointed by that and apologize. That is why I am personally leading the effort to restore trust in our word and in our products. 1. Launch a top-to-bottom review of our global operations to ensure that problems of this magnitude do not happen again and not only meet but also exceed high safety standards. 2. Ensure that our quality-control operations are in line with best industry practices. 3. Aggressively investigate complaints we hear directly from consumers and move more quickly to address any safety issues we identify. You have my commitment that Toyota will revitalize the simple but powerful principle that has guided us for 50 years: Toyota will build the highest-quality, safest and most reliable automobiles in the world.

Feminism And Gender Equality Essays - Womens Rights, Gender Studies

Feminism And Gender Equality Essays - Womens Rights, Gender Studies Feminism And Gender Equality Feminism And Gender Equality In The 1990's Overall, the rights and status of women have improved considerably in the last century; however, gender equality has recently been threatened within the last decade. Blatantly sexist laws and practices are slowly being eliminated while social perceptions of women's roles continue to stagnate and even degrade back to traditional ideals. It is these social perceptions that challenge the evolution of women as equal on all levels. In this study, I will argue that subtle and blatant sexism continues to exist throughout educational, economic, professional and legal arenas. Women who carefully follow their expected roles may never recognize sexism as an oppressive force in their life. I find many parallels between women's experiences in the nineties with Betty Friedan's, in her essay: The Way We Were - 1949. She dealt with a society that expected women to fulfill certain roles. Those roles completely disregarded the needs of educated and motivated business women and scientific women. Actually, the subtle message that society gave was that the educated woman was actually selfish and evil. I remember in particular the searing effect on me, who once intended to be a psychologist, of a story in McCall's in December 1949 called A Weekend with Daddy. A little girl who lives a lonely life with her mother, divorced, an intellectual know-it-all psychologist, goes to the country to spend a weekend with her father and his new wife, who is wholesome, happy, and a good cook and gardener. And there is love and laughter and growing flowers and hot clams and a gourmet cheese omelet and square dancing, and she doesn't want to go home. But, pitying her poor mother typing away all by herself in the lonesome apartment, she keeps her guilty secret that from now on she will be living for the moments when she can escape to that dream home in the country where they know what life is all about. (See Endnote #1) I have often consulted my grandparents about their experiences, and I find their historical perspective enlightening. My grandmother was pregnant with her third child in 1949. Her work experience included: interior design and modeling women's clothes for the Sears catalog. I asked her to read the Friedan essay and let me know if she felt as moved as I was, and to share with me her experiences of sexism. Her immediate reaction was to point out that Betty Friedan was a college educated woman and she had certain goals that never interested me. My grandmother, though growing up during a time when women had few social rights, said she didn't experience oppressive sexism in her life. However, when she describes her life accomplishments, I feel she has spent most of her life fulfilling the expected roles of women instead of pursuing goals that were mostly reserved for men. Unknowingly, her life was controlled by traditional, sexist values prevalent in her time and still prevalent in the nineties. Twenty-four years after the abo ve article from McCall's magazine was written, the Supreme Court decided whether women should have a right to an abortion in Roe v. Wade (410 U.S. 113 (1973)). I believe the decision was made in favor of women's rights mostly because the court made a progressive decision to consider the woman as a human who may be motivated by other things in life than just being a mother. Justice Blackmun delivered the following opinion: Maternity, or additional offspring, may force upon the woman a distressful life and future. Psychological harm may be imminent. Mental and physical health may be taxed by child care. There is also a distress, for all concerned, associated with the unwanted child, and there is the problem of bringing a child into a family already unable, psychologically and otherwise, to care for it. In other cases, as in this one, the additional difficulties and continuing stigma of unwed motherhood may be involved. (See Endnote #2) I feel the court decision of Roe v. Wade would no t have been made in 1949. Even in 1973, it was a progressive decision. The problem of abortion has existed for the entire history of this country (and beyond), but had

Amazon.com Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Amazon.com - Research Paper Example The success of e-business depends on how long a customer spends time in an e-business website. Amazon did everything needed to tie up the customers in their website. They have formulated different strategies to attract the net customers. Most of the internet users are youths and Amazon.com has everything needed to attract the youth customers. This paper briefly analyses the history, supply chain management process, online auction features, competitors and current market position of Amazon.com. History Amazon.com was founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994 in America† (Amazon.com, Inc). Initially it started as an online bookshop. However it expanded its business during the late 1990s and diversified its business to areas such as to offer the CDs, videos, DVDs, electronics, toys, tools, home furnishings and house wares, apparel, and kitchen gadgets etc (Amazon.com, Inc, n. d). Amazon entered the internet world in 1995 and registered as a public company in 1997. In 1998, they entered the on line music and video business and in 1999, they started to sell toys, electronics, tools, and hardware using their e-commerce website. Though the company has started as an online bookstore, currently it has products such as music CD’s, VHS, DVD, computer software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food toys, etc apart from books. It has started film production also in 2008. Amazon has several websites custom made for countries like Canada, Germany, France, China, UK, Japan etc. The company did not focus on profits for the initial five years and spend much of its revenues in expansions in the initial years. This business strategy brought immense dividends to the company as per the recent statistics. Current market position   Currently Amazon.com employs more than 7800 employees and as per the statistics of 2002, it has reported $ 3.9 billion sales (Amazon.com, Inc, n. d). It is the largest online retailer at present in United States. The closest competitor Staple s Inc has only 1/3 rd of the revenues of Amazon.com as per the statistics available in 2010. As per the recent statistics, it ranked 272 in the list of Fortune 500 companies. Supply chain management process Supply Chain Management (SCM) is the process of controlling the movements of goods or services from suppliers to buyers. The efficiency of supply chain management depends on the availability of the material based on the demand. There should not be more goods in the store if the demand is less; at the same time there should be adequate number of goods always if the demand is good. Amazon has one of the most efficient, sophisticated and advanced supply chain management systems in the world. â€Å"Homemade applications handle nearly every aspect of its supply chain: warehouse management, transportation management, inbound and outbound shipping, demand forecasts, inventory planning, and more† (Bacheldor, 2004). In other words, all the aspects of supply chain management are man aged with the help of advanced software at Amazon.com. The human intervention is very less in the supply chain management process and the machines are dominating in this sector. Thus the chances of human errors which may delay the supply chain management process are very less. For example, computers and software are assisting Amazon in taking orders, processing orders and in ensuring the delivery of goods in time. Whenever, an item is purchased from

Ip5 program capstone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ip5 program capstone - Research Paper Example At the GreenHall hotel, promotions are given to the employees by merit. This means that those who have shown exemplary performance in their work are promoted. However, at the BlueShield hotel, employees are promoted whenever they get an additional academic qualification. BlueShield places a lot of importance to the academic qualifications while GreenHall places emphasis on the experiences that the employee has had in the company. Communication at GreenHall is not limited and employees can pass information freely. This means that all the employees can interact and pass information freely regardless of their position in the company. This helps the employees feel free to talk to the top officials whenever they are experiencing problems in the company (Bach, 2013). BlueShield Hotel, on the other hand, communicates strictly in a top-down direction. Both hotels use the SWOT tool to improve the operations of their hotels. They both make use of their individual strengths, recognize their weaknesses and try to improve them, realize the existing opportunities and utilize them. They also identify their strengths and makes use of them. A change in the external environment is likely to affect both companies in the same way. For instance, if there are terrorists’ threats in the area, then the hotels are likely to experience a low season (Burt, 2005). They may need to even close their businesses for a while. Terrorists’ threats are very harmful to the hospitality industry. In conclusion, both the GreenHall and BlueShield hotels operate and function in different ways to accomplish the same goals of getting more clients and thus more profits. The aim of any company is to make profits, and each company has their way of attaining their projected profits (Bou,

Biotechnology Essay Example for Free

Biotechnology Essay Biotechnology is a subfield of biological science linked to research areas such as recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering. As a result biotechnology is applied in a wide range of industries (Chen Marchioni, 2008). According to the Biotechnology Industry Organization, one fourth of the Biotechnology industry’s financing comes from venture capital and it is not just in terms of money but also managerial guidance to the biotechnology firms. This is attributable to the fact that biotechnology is a knowledge intensive industry and a large amount of capital is needed for research and development (Chen Marchioni, 2008). Venture capital financing is favored by the majority of business startups including the biotechnology companies. Venture capital is an equity investment until the company matures. Venture capitalists are involved in the development of a biotechnology firm by becoming board members. The venture capitalists also advice the biotechnology firms on potential strategic partnerships (Munroe Gary Hutton, 2002). This gives the venture capital backed firms an added advantage over the non-venture capital backed firms. Literature Review Although venture capital accounts for a small fraction of the entire funding in the United States, it plays a major role in the financing of biotechnology companies. The biotechnology companies that are funded through capital venture outperform their counterparts in job creation and revenue growth. In the first quarter of 2009, the biotechnology sector received the biggest amount of funding in comparison to the other Life Science companies. This was however, a 16% decrease from the fourth quarter of 2008, constituting a downward tread in the funding of Biotechnology, Medical Devices and Pharmaceuticals (VentureDeal, 2009). Due to the prevailing economic crisis, the funding in biotechnology has reversed from an upward tread as the amount of funding has decreased as well as the numbers of companies funded. Sangart Company which researches and commercializes technologies related to oxygen transport agents received $50 million in the sixth round, the largest venture funding during the first quarter. BioVex Company on the other hand received $40 million from a large syndicate of venture capital firms in the sixth round of funding (VentureDeal, 2009). There are success stories in biotechnology venture capital. One example is the case of Thomas Tedder. Tedder collaborated with a venture capitalist, Intersouth and the company provided seed money that helped Tedder’s company called Cellective Therapeutics to develop a business plan and to finalize the licensing agreement. This helped Tedder to focus on the technology development. In due course, Cellective Therapeutics proved a success and the company was sold off at the one year anniversary to MedImmune (Gwynne, 2009). From the venture capitalists point of view, there are issues that are unique to a biotechnology perspective. The venture capitalists look for unique technologies which are critical to the biotechnology field as they are also looking for a market. This means that the venture capitalists are keen on areas such as disease areas which have a large market. The attractive types of research are those that have a widespread target such as cancer, diabetes and infection areas (Rosenman, 2001). Some of the major venture capital firms in the United States are Alta Partners, BA Venture partners, Forward Ventures, Genentech, Latterell venture partners, MedImmune Ventures, Soffinnova ventures and Intersouth (Gwynne, 2009). The geographic clustering of venture capital financed biotechnology firms is similar to the geographic pattern of the biotechnology industry. The biotechnology businesses are clustered together in a region for several benefits. Through the clustering, the companies achieve scale economy; have knowledge and technology spill over in addition to labor pooling and a decrease in transaction costs. The clustering of firms in similar locations makes it easy for workers to change jobs without the need for traveling long distances for interviews and they may not need to relocate homes after a transfer. Labor mobility hence facilitates the exchange of technology, information and knowledge among the biotech firms. Through geographic proximity, the transaction costs are decreased in addition to personal contact being maintained (Antonelli, 2000). This allows in-depth and fast feedback among the economic agents involved and helps build trust, and incentives in economic relationships thus reducing transaction costs. This enhances socialization within the professional network and stimulates co-operation, competition and innovation (Storper Venables, 2004). These are important factors for life science knowledge. The clustering of biotechnology industries relies on venture capital availability, life science knowledge, large pharmaceutical firms and urban diversity. Before the first biotechnology firm, Genetech, was established in 1977, practitioners of genetic engineering were located around universities and research institutes. These universities and institutions also provide quality labor force. Consequently, the areas that are in close proximity to the science research institutions have better access to trained graduate and post graduate students. In the biotechnology industry, much of the venture capital is concentrated in California and Massachusetts, including San Francisco, San Diego and Boston (Gompers Lerner, 2006). Methodology This research employs several methods to investigate the importance of venture funding to the biotechnology firms. Examination on the literature review on the subject of venture funding in biotechnology firms supports the conclusions on the industry. However when conducting research, a researcher is always faced with the task of identifying the methodology to use. This is due to the fact that the researcher has to consider the research question (Morgan Smircich 1980, pp. 491-500). A researcher can lay more adopt either a positivist or post-positivist approach depending on whether the research focuses more on social sciences or natural sciences. The literature review in a research plays an important role in the research as the researcher needs to consider the different perspectives and possibilities before making any conclusions (Armitage Keeble-Ramsay 2009, pp. 1-36). The review of various information sources helps the researcher in understanding the implications of the research process. According to Knalf Breitmayer (1991), the authenticity as well as reliability of the literature review is key in any research. The researcher first has to consider the research options in addition considering the data collection methods. This said, the accessibility and availability of numerous sources of information has necessitated the need for a systematic methodology that can be used in decision making. In this research on venture capital in the biotechnology industry, the emphasis is on the existing firms, the firm’s location and funding. This is mainly achieved through analysis of documented sources and case study reviews. The case studies have inherent strengths that allow tailoring of data collection processes to the research question. Nowadays it has become common for researchers to combine both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods so as to increase the validity of the data collected (Denzin Lincoln 1994). Data Analysis Data analysis helps the researcher interpret the findings of the research hence it is crucial in any research. According to the research, the majority of biotechnology firms depend on venture capital funding to a greater extent. This study investigated the funding of biotechnology firms in relation to venture funding. All proposed hypotheses are supported using analysis, indicating that biotechnology firms favor venture funding. It also shows that the biotechnology firms are clustered in the same areas where there are life science research base, large pharmaceutical firms, many capital venture providers and a large pool of scientists. There is no surprise that biotechnology firms use venture capital as opposed to other forms of lending. The finding that the biotechnology firms are also located in urban areas with talent and a favorable environment for new ideas and breakthroughs is also in line. On the other hand, venture capital is not only important in terms of financial support but also in providing insights, managerial skills and entrepreneurial spirit to the newly established biotechnology firms. Results Biotechnology funding however still has many huddles one of them being lower IPO valuations which has quashed early venture capital funding. The majority of the venture investment has avoided the innovative early stage research and opted for the specialty established companies (Robbins, 2005). Conclusion This study examines venture capital funding in the biotechnology industry. The research examined the sequence of events that take place during the funding and subsequent setting up of the biotechnology firms. The research objectives require the involvement of both the biotechnology firms and the venture capital firms in order to fully understand the relationship as well as the key factors in their relations. The researcher designed and put to use several research instruments to facilitate in the research. The main aim of the research was to bring to the fore the issues involved in the funding process.

Explain the formation and the break down of the First Triumvirate :: Ancient Rome Roman History

Explain the formation and the break down of the First Triumvirate The formation of the First Triumvirate took place because of the political motives and the personal motives of the three ruthlessly ambitious power brokers in Rome. These men required the co-operation of the other two in order to further their political careers. During the time of the First Triumvirate many extraordinary powers where obtained and in some cases these where unprecedented. There are some key factors that have to be considered towards the break down of the Triumvirate. The most powerful and influential people, the Optimates became increasingly dis empowered, and a sense of desperation to regain power is felt with the use of Pompey in an a final attempt to restore power to the Senate. "By uncompromising refusal to meet the demands of Pompey, Caesar and Crassus the senate naturally drove them into each others arms. The three men agreed to form a political amicitia ....." Pompey upon return from his successful campaign in the East, disbanded his army probably to diffuse tension in Rome and prove to the Optimates in Rome he had no intention of over throwing the Government. This suggests Pompey's political naivety and the fact that Pompey thought he had done enough in order to get recognition and acceptance from the Optimates to gain land for his veterans and to have his innumerable arrangements in the East ratified. Cato also refused Pompey's offer of marriage to one of his nieces. According to Bradley "Cato was a staunch conservative, and distrusted Pompey's motives" Crassus had a problem with his supporters. He supported a request from a company of tax gatherers (Equites), that after realizing Asia had been economically raped, and virtually un-taxable due to the Mithradatic campaign, could not possibly make money from taxes, so the request he supported is that the Senate should adjust the bad bargain to on a third rebate which they had made in contracting for the taxes of Asia. This request according to Scullard was rejected under Cato's leadership which had led to the stagnation of Crassus' political career. Thus Crassus needed some support of Pompey and Caesar to kick start his career and eventually lead to the formation of the First Triumvirate. Caesar, who had been Propraetor in Spain during, 61BC, hoped to return to Rome in 60BC and stand for the consulship for the following year.

Human Trafficing: Are We Doing Enough? Essay

Human trafficking has been around for the same amount of time as inequality among people; so basically, all of human history. People are bought and sold, and treated and traded like objects. This has always been part of our society, however dominate. Slavery, prostitution, illegal aliens – all of these things have roots in human trafficking. Since ancient Egypt, when thousands of Hebrews were forced build the pyramids, to present day Italy where hundreds of women are forced to submit their bodies every day. We are thankfully becoming less and less tolerant of this cruel practice in the modern world. Yet, because our tendency to look the other way, to pretend to not know the truth, hundreds upon thousands of people are still being trafficked every year, some right under our nose here in America. We’ve created anti-trafficking laws, passports, citizenship papers, as well as heightened border patrols and increased airport security. There are those who would have you believ e that this is enough – it isn’t. Many people see the fact that human trafficking is slightly declining as a sure sign of success. But like so many other things in the world, our nation’s economy, the availability of jobs, and the price of gas; human trafficking like all these things has fluctuation. Traffickers will find ways around our barriers, loopholes in the system, what have you – unless we stop this for good. Moreover, it is incorrect to say for sure that this problem is declining. How does one even come to that conclusion? Fewer traffickers are being caught so it’s obviously getting better – I’m not buying it. With human trafficking being what it is, underground, unspoken, unnoticed – we can never be sure of all of the statistics. And another frightening thought to explain this suggested decline: Perhaps have traffickers have just developed new smuggling methods and new ways of bypassing security. That would mean that more people are being trafficked then we currentl y estimate and that the problem may actually be increasing instead of decreasing. As stated earlier, prostitution, both legal and illegal forms, has very close ties to human trafficking. This can be seen mainly in several countries of Europe. While prostitution may not be legal across the whole continent, the countries in which it is have shown a distinctly higher rate of trafficked women. As author and activist Christine Stark states on Justice Talking, a National Public Radio station, â€Å"†¦What we have found is that legalization has caused an increase in the trafficking into the area where the legalization exists. The state then becomes the pimp.† Obviously, places where prostitution in legalized is going to have a higher demand for prostitutes, thus increasing the illegal trafficking of women there. Though it may sound like a radical idea in some parts of the world, the apparent solution here would be to ban prostitution everywhere, which would be much more of a possibility if people understood its effects. The U.S. Department of State in 2007 June issue of the â€Å"Trafficking in Humans Report† stated, â€Å"†¦prostitution is inherently harmful and dehumanizing and fuels trafficking in persons.† With any luck, people will start to accept this as a fact that it is rather than the opinion some see it to be. Another product of human trafficking is illegal immigration, or people living in countries unlawfully. Illegal immigration has a number of negative effects on a nation’s economy as well as its society. These illegal immigrants or aliens as they have come to be known, have quite a few disputes surrounding them. First is the argument of whether or not it is correct to use the term â€Å"illegal alien.† Though still an ongoing dispute, the side for it seems to have a lot more accreditation. Assessed January 18, 2007 on illegalaliens.us, â€Å"Calling an illegal alien an undocumented immigrant is like calling a burglar an uninvited house guest.† There’s also the threat of terrorism and terrorist attacks that comes with having undocumented people in a nation. And let’s not forget the public work force’s valid scare, the fact that illegal immigrants steal jobs from those people who reside in that country legally. All these things point back to human trafficking and the damage it causes wherever it goes. The U.S. itself has 11 million undocumented people living in its borders. That’s 11 million people we don’t have any records of, no information about, no accounts of any kind for. We need to put a stop to illegal immigration here and now, or it’s only going to get worse. What have we learned thus far? Prostitution is morally wrong and fuels the trafficking of women everywhere. Illegal immigration is a huge detriment to a nation’s economy and society. Human trafficking is like a slow moving hurricane, bringing terrible destruction wherever it goes. If something is not about this problem soon, we cannot hope to improve as a nation. If something is not done about this problem now, we cannot hope to improve as people.

The Maginot Line Frances Defensive Failure in World War II

Built between 1930 and 1940, Frances Maginot Line was a massive system of defenses that became famous for failing to stop a German invasion. While an understanding of the Lines creation is vital to any study of World War I, World War II, and the period in between, this knowledge is also helpful when interpreting a number of modern references. The Aftermath of World War I The First World War ended on the 11th of November 1918, concluding a four-year period in which Eastern France had been almost continuously occupied by enemy forces. The conflict had killed over one million French citizens, while a further 4–5 million had been wounded; great scars ran across both the landscape and the European psyche. In the aftermath of this war, France began to ask a vital question: how should it now defend itself? This dilemma grew in importance after the Treaty of Versailles, the famous document of 1919 that was supposed to prevent further conflict by crippling and punishing the defeated countries, but whose nature and severity is now recognized as having partly caused the Second World War. Many French politicians and generals were unhappy with the terms of the treaty, believing that Germany had escaped too lightly. Some individuals, such as Field Marshall Foch, argued that Versailles was simply another armistice and that war would ultimately resume. The Question of National Defense Accordingly, the question of defense became an official matter in 1919, when the French Prime Minister   Clemenceau, discussed it with Marshal Pà ©tain, the head of the armed forces. Various studies and commissions explored many options, and three main schools of thought emerged. Two of these based their arguments on evidence gathered from the First World War, advocating a line of fortifications along Frances eastern border. A third looked toward the future. This final group, who included a certain Charles de Gaulle, believed that war would become fast and mobile, organized around tanks and other vehicles with air support. These ideas were frowned upon within France, where the consensus of opinion regarded them as being inherently aggressive and requiring outright attacks: the two defensive schools were preferred. The Lesson of Verdun The great fortifications at Verdun were judged to have been the most successful in the Great War, surviving artillery fire and suffering little internal damage. The fact that Verduns largest fortress, Douaumont, had fallen easily to a German attack in 1916 only broadened the argument: the fort had been built for a garrison of 500 troops, but the Germans found it manned by less than a fifth of that number. Large, well-built and—as attested to by Douaumont—well-maintained defenses would work. Indeed, the First World War had been a conflict of attrition in which many hundreds of miles of trenches, mainly dug from mud, reinforced by wood, and surrounded by barbed wire, had held each army at bay for several years. It was simple logic to take these ramshackle earthworks, mentally replace them with massive Douaumont-esque forts, and conclude that a planned defensive line would be wholly effective. The Two Schools of Defense The first school, whose main exponent was Marshall Joffre, wanted large quantities of troops based in a line of small, heavily defended areas from which counter-attacks could be launched against anyone advancing through the gaps. The second school, led by Pà ©tain, advocated a long, deep, and constant network of fortifications which would militarize a large area of the eastern border and hark back to the Hindenburg line. Unlike most high-ranking commanders in the Great War, Pà ©tain was considered as both a success and a hero; he was also synonymous with defensive tactics, lending great weight to the arguments for a fortified line. In 1922, the recently promoted Minister for War began to develop a compromise, based largely on the Pà ©tain model; this new voice was Andrà © Maginot. Andr Maginot Takes the Lead Fortification was a matter of grave urgency for a man called Andrà © Maginot: he believed the French government to be weak, and the safety provided by the Treaty of Versailles to be a delusion. Although Paul Painlevà © replaced him at the Ministry for War in 1924, Maginot was never completely separated from the project, often working with the new minister. Progress was made in 1926 when Maginot and Painlevà © obtained government funding for a new body, the Committee of Frontier Defense (Commission de Dà ©fense des Frontieres or CDF), to build three small experimental sections of a new defense plan, based largely on the Pà ©tain espoused Line model. After returning to the war ministry in 1929, Maginot built upon the CDFs success, securing government funding for a full-scale defensive line. There was plenty of opposition, including the Socialist and Communist parties, but Maginot worked hard to convince them all. Although he may not have visited every government ministry and office in person—as the legend states—he certainly used some compelling arguments. He cited the falling numbers of French manpower, which would reach a low-point in the 1930s, and the need to avoid any other mass bloodshed, which might delay—or even stop—the population recovery. Equally, while the Treaty of Versailles had allowed French troops to occupy the German Rhineland, they were obliged to leave by 1930; this buffer zone would need some sort of replacement. He countered the pacifists by defining the fortifications as a non-aggressive method of defense (as opposed to fast tanks or counter attacks) and pushed the classic politi cal justifications of creating jobs and stimulating industry. How the Maginot Line Was Supposed to Work The planned line had two purposes. It would halt an invasion long enough for the French to fully mobilize their own army, and then act as a solid base from which to repel the attack. Any battles would thus occur on the fringes of French territory, preventing internal damage and occupation. The Line would run along both the Franco-German and Franco-Italian borders, as both countries were considered a threat; however, the fortifications would cease at the Ardennes Forest and not continue any further north. There was one key reason for this: when the Line was being planned in the late 20s, France and Belgium were allies, and it was inconceivable that either one should build such a massive system on their shared boundary. This did not mean that the area was to go undefended, for the French developed a military plan based on the Line. With large-scale fortifications defending the southeastern border, the bulk of the French army could gather at the northeastern end, ready to enter—a nd fight in—Belgium. The joint was the Ardennes Forest, a hilly and wooded area which was considered impenetrable. Funding and Organization In the early days of 1930, the French Government granted nearly 3 billion francs to the project, a decision which was ratified by 274 votes to 26; work on the Line began immediately. Several bodies were involved in the project: locations and functions were determined by CORF, the Committee for the Organization of the Fortified Regions (Commission dOrganization des Rà ©gions Fortifà ©es, CORF), while the actual building was handled by the STG, or Technical Engineering Section (Section Technique du Gà ©nie). Development continued in three distinct phases until 1940, but Maginot did not live to see it. He died on January 7th, 1932; the project would later adopt his name. Problems During Construction The main period of construction took place between 1930–36, implementing much of the original plan. There were problems, as a sharp economic downturn required a switch from private builders to government-led initiatives, and some elements of the ambitious design had to be delayed. Conversely, Germanys remilitarization of the Rhineland provided a further, and largely threatening, stimulus.In 1936, Belgium declared itself a neutral country alongside Luxembourg and the Netherlands, effectively severing its previous allegiance with France. In theory, the Maginot Line should have been extended to cover this new border, but in practice, only a few basic defenses were added. Commentators have attacked this decision, but the original French plan—which involved fighting in Belgium—remained unaffected; of course, that plan is subject to an equal amount of criticism. The Fortress Troops With the physical infrastructure established by 1936, the main task of the next three years was to train soldiers and engineers to operate the fortifications. These Fortress Troops were not simply existing military units assigned to guard duty, rather, they were an almost unparalleled mixture of skills which included engineers and technicians alongside ground troops and artillerymen. Finally, the French declaration of war in 1939 triggered a third phase, one of refinement and reinforcement. Debate Over Costs One element of the Maginot Line that has always divided historians is the cost. Some argue that the original design was too large, or that the construction used too much money, causing the project to be downsized. They often cite the dearth of fortifications along the Belgian border as a sign that the funding had run out. Others claim that the construction actually used less money than was allotted and that the few billion francs were far less, perhaps even 90% less than the cost of De Gaulles mechanized force. In 1934, Pà ©tain obtained another billion francs to help the project, an act which is often interpreted as an outward sign of overspending. However, this could also be interpreted as a desire to improve and extend the Line. Only a detailed study of government records and accounts can solve this debate. Significance of the Line Narratives on the Maginot Line often, and quite rightly, point out that it could easily have been called the Pà ©tain or Painlevà © Line. The former provided the initial impetus—and his reputation gave it a necessary weight—while the latter contributed a great deal to the planning and design. But it was Andrà © Maginot who provided the necessary political drive, pushing the plan through a reluctant parliament: a formidable task in any era. However, the significance and cause of the Maginot Line go beyond individuals, for it was a physical manifestation of French fears. The aftermath of World War I had left France desperate to guarantee the safety of its borders from a strongly perceived German threat, while at the same time avoiding, perhaps even ignoring, the possibility of another conflict. Fortifications allowed fewer men to hold larger areas for longer, with a lower loss of life, and the French people jumped at the chance. The Maginot Line Forts The Maginot Line was not a single continuous structure like the Great Wall of China or Hadrians Wall. Instead, it was composed of over five hundred separate buildings, each arranged according to a detailed but inconsistent plan. The key units were the large forts or Ouvrages which were located within 9 miles of each other; these vast bases held over 1000 troops and housed artillery. Other smaller forms of ouvrage were positioned between their larger brethren, holding either 500 or 200 men, with a proportional drop in firepower. The forts were solid buildings capable of withstanding heavy fire. The surface areas were protected by steel-reinforced concrete, which was up to 3.5 meters thick, a depth capable of withstanding multiple direct hits. The steel cupolas, elevating domes through which gunners could fire, were 30–35 centimeters deep. In total, the  Ouvrages  numbered 58 on the eastern section and 50 on the Italian one, with most able to fire upon the two nearest positions of equal size, and everything in between. Smaller Structures The network of forts formed a backbone for many more defenses. There were hundreds of casements: small, multi-story blocks located less than a mile apart, each providing a secure base. From these, a handful of troops could attack invading forces and protect their neighboring casements. Ditches, anti-tank works, and minefields screened every position, while observation posts and forward defenses allowed the main line an early warning. Variation There was variation: some areas had far heavier concentrations of troops and buildings, while others were without fortresses and artillery. The strongest regions were those around Metz, Lauter, and Alsace, while the Rhine was one of the weakest. The Alpine Line, that part which guarded the French-Italian border, was also slightly different, as it incorporated a large number of existing forts and defenses. These were concentrated around mountain passes and other potential weak points, enhancing the Alps own ancient, and natural, defensive line. In short, the Maginot line was a dense, multi-layered system, providing what has often been described as a continuous line of fire along a long front; however, the quantity of this firepower and the size of the defenses varied. Use of Technology Crucially, the Line was more than simple geography and concrete: it had been designed with the latest in technological and engineering know-how. The larger forts were over six stories deep, vast underground complexes that included hospitals, trains, and long air-conditioned galleries. Soldiers could live and sleep underground, while internal machine gun posts and traps repelled any intruders. The Maginot Line was certainly an advanced defensive position—it is believed that some areas could withstand an atomic bomb—and the forts became a marvel of their age, as kings, presidents, and other dignitaries visited these futuristic subterranean dwellings. Historical Inspiration The Line was not without precedent. In the aftermath of the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, in which the French had been beaten, a system of forts was constructed around Verdun. The largest was Douaumont, a sunken fortress showing hardly more than its concrete roof and its gun turrets above ground. Below lies a labyrinth of corridors, barrack rooms, munitions stores, and latrines: a dripping echoing tomb...(Ousby, Occupation: The Ordeal of France, Pimlico, 1997, p. 2). Aside from the last clause, this could be a description of the Maginot Ouvrages; indeed, Douaumont was Frances largest and best-designed  fort of the period. Equally, the Belgian engineer Henri Brialmont created several large fortified networks before the Great War, most of which involved a system of forts located set distances apart; he also used elevating steel cupolas.The Maginot plan used the best of these ideas, rejecting the weak points. Brailmont had intended to aid communication and defense by connecting some of hi s forts with trenches, but their eventual absence allowed German troops to simply advance past the fortifications; the Maginot line used reinforced underground tunnels and interlocking fields of fire. Equally, and most importantly for the veterans of Verdun, the Line would be fully and constantly staffed, so there could be no repeat of the undermanned Douaumonts swift loss. Other Nations Also Built Defenses France was not alone in its post-war (or, as it would later be considered, inter-war) building. Italy, Finland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Belgium, and the USSR all built or improved defensive lines, although these varied hugely in their nature and design. When placed in the context of Western Europes defensive development, the Maginot Line was a logical continuation, a planned distillation of everything people believed they had learned so far. Maginot, Pà ©tain, and others thought they were learning from the recent past, and using state of the art engineering to create an ideal shield from attack. It is, therefore, perhaps unfortunate that warfare developed in a different direction. 1940: Germany Invades France There are many small debates, partly among military enthusiasts and wargamers, as to how an attacking force should go about conquering the Maginot Line: how would it stand up to various types of assault? Historians usually avoid this question—perhaps just making an oblique comment about the Line never being fully realized—because of events in 1940, when  Hitler  subjected France to a swift and humiliating conquest. World War II had begun with a  German invasion of Poland. The Nazi plan  to invade France, the Sichelschnitt (cut of the sickle), involved three armies, one facing Belgium, one facing the Maginot Line, and another part-way between the two, opposite the Ardennes. Army Group C, under the command of General von Leeb, appeared to have the unenviable task of advancing through the Line, but they were simply a diversion, whose mere presence would tie down French troops and prevent their use as reinforcements.  On May 10th 1940 , the Germans northern army, Group A, attacked the Netherlands, moving through and into Belgium. Parts of the French and British Army moved up and across to meet them; at this point, the war resembled many French military plans, in which troops used the Maginot Line as a hinge to advance and resist the attack in Belgium. The German Army Skirts the Maginot Line The key difference was Army Group B, which advanced across Luxembourg, Belgium, and then straight through the Ardennes. Well over a million German troops and 1,500 tanks crossed the supposedly impenetrable forest with ease, using roads and tracks. They met little opposition, for the French units in this area had almost no air-support and few ways of stopping the German bombers. By May 15th, Group B was clear of all defenses, and the French army began to wilt. The advance of Groups A and B continued unabated until May 24, when they halted just outside Dunkirk. By June 9th, German forces had swung down behind the Maginot Line, cutting it off from the rest of France. Many of the fortress troops surrendered after the armistice, but others held on; they had little success and were captured. Limited Action The Line did take part in some battles, as there were various minor German attacks from the front and the rear. Equally, the Alpine section proved wholly successful, halting the belated Italian invasion until the armistice. Conversely, the  allies  themselves had to cross the defenses in late 1944, as German troops used the Maginot fortifications as focal points for resistance and counter attack. This resulted in heavy fighting around Metz and, at the very end of the year, Alsace. The Line After 1945 The defenses did not simply disappear after the Second World War; indeed the Line was returned to active service. Some forts were modernized, while others were adapted to resist nuclear attack. However, the Line had fallen out of favor by 1969, and the next decade saw many  ouvrages  and casements sold to private buyers. The rest fell into decay. Modern uses are many and varied, apparently including mushroom farms and discos, as well as many excellent museums. There is also a thriving community of explorers, people who like to visit these mammoth decaying structures with just their handheld lights and a sense of adventure (as well as a good deal of risk). Post War Blame: Was the Maginot Line at Fault? When France looked for explanations in the aftermath of World War II, the Maginot Line must have seemed an obvious target: its sole purpose had been to stop another invasion. Unsurprisingly, the Line received severe criticism, ultimately becoming an object of international derision. There had been vocal opposition  before  the war—including that of De Gaulle, who stressed that the French would be able to do nothing but hide behind their forts and watch Europe tear itself apart—but this was scant compared to the condemnation that followed. Modern commentators tend to focus on the question of failure, and although opinions vary enormously, the conclusions are generally negative. Ian Ousby sums up one extreme perfectly: Time treats few things more cruelly than the futuristic fantasies of past generations, particularly when they are actually realised in concrete and steel. Hindsight makes it abundantly clear that the Maginot Line was a foolish misdirection of energy when it was conceived, a dangerous distraction of time and money when it was built, and a pitiful irrelevance when the German invasion did come in 1940. Most glaringly, it concentrated on the Rhineland and left Frances 400-kilometer border with Belgium unfortified. (Ousby,  Occupation: The Ordeal of France, Pimlico, 1997, p. 14) Debate Still Exists Over Blame Opposing arguments usually reinterpret this last point, claiming that the Line itself was wholly successful: it was either another part of the plan (for instance, fighting in Belgium), or its execution that failed. For many, this is too fine a distinction and a tacit omission that the real fortifications differed too much from the original ideals, making them a failure in practice. Indeed, the Maginot Line was and continues to be portrayed in many different ways. Was it intended to be an utterly impenetrable barrier, or did people just begin to think that? Was the Lines purpose to direct an attacking army around through Belgium, or was the length just a terrible mistake? And if it was meant to guide an army, did somebody forget? Equally, was the security of the Line itself flawed and never fully completed? There is little chance of any agreement, but what is certain is that the Line never faced a direct attack, and it was too short to be anything other than a diversion. Conclusion Discussions of the Maginot Line have to cover more than just the defenses because the project had other ramifications. It was costly and time-consuming, requiring billions of francs and a mass of raw materials; however, this expenditure was reinvested into the French economy, perhaps contributing as much as it removed. Equally, military spending and planning were focused  on  the Line, encouraging a defensive attitude that slowed the development of new weapons and tactics. Had the rest of Europe followed suit, the Maginot Line may have been vindicated, but countries like Germany followed very different paths, investing in tanks and planes. Commentators claim that this Maginot mentality spread across the French nation as a whole, encouraging defensive, non-progressive thinking in government and elsewhere. Diplomacy also suffered—how can you ally with other nations if all you are planning to do is resist your own invasion? Ultimately, the Maginot Line probably did more to ha rm France than it ever did to aid it.